ARE YOU AN AUSTRALIAN RESIDENT?
Tax residency is a complex area where the decision is made based on individual circumstances. As the world becomes more global and interconnected, there seem to be more cases where people who have considered themselves not to be Australian residents anymore have been caught up in the net. Before you head off overseas to work or start a business, you should consider the Australian residency tests and how they will apply to you.
In this global interconnected world, many Australians will no doubt leave Australia to work in many different countries in a vast array of professions. However, just because you leave Australia for a period time, that doesn’t mean that your Australian tax obligations are no longer relevant. Australian tax is based on the concept of “residency”. If you’re considered to be a resident of Australia then you will be taxed on your worldwide income with a tax offset available for any foreign tax paid.
To work out whether or not you’re a tax resident of Australia, there are several tests. The main test is the “resides” test under common law. This test is generally applied by considering your circumstances over the whole relevant year.
Rather than simply looking at the time spent in Australia, the question is whether your behaviour over a considerable period of time (6 months according to the ATO) has the degree of continuity, routine, or habit that is consistent with residing in Australia.
Some of the factors considered to be relevant in determining residency under this primary test include: your living arrangements (ie whether your usual place of abode is in Australia and whether you have family here, or whether any children are enrolled in school etc); the purpose, frequency and duration of visits to Australia; extent of any business/employment ties with Australia; extent of family/social ties with Australia; ownership of real estate in Australia; location of other assets and personal effects; where bank accounts are maintained; and nationality and citizenship.
As you can see, this primary test is entirely dependent on the individual circumstances of each case, and one change could sway the residency test one way or the other. It is also wholistic in that it encompasses almost every aspect of a person’s life and thus very complex to apply especially when you have to weigh certain factors against others.
If it is clear that you don’t satisfy the “resides” test, you will still be considered to be an Australian resident if you satisfy one of the following three statutory tests:
Domicile and permanent place of abode – you will be considered to be an Australian resident if Australia is your permanent home (note permanent doesn’t mean everlasting or eternal but is rather contrasted with temporary).
183-day test – if you’re present in Australia for more than half of the income year, whether continuously or with breaks, then you will have constructive residence in Australia unless it can be established your usual place of abode is outside of Australia and you have no intention of taking up residence here.
Commonwealth superannuation test – If you’re a member of a Commonwealth government superannuation scheme or have a relationship to a member of such a scheme then you will be considered to be a resident of Australia.
A person’s residency is determined on a year-by-year basis and the Commissioner may treat an individual to be a resident of Australia until it can be clearly established that they have cut all relevant ties with Australia. Residency is a complex area, if you’re unsure or you think you’re on the borderline of being an Australian resident, a tax professional should be consulted before you make any decisions with tax consequences.
Are you going to work overseas or thinking of working overseas?
Before you head overseas to work or start a business, come and see us, we can help you figure out if your individual circumstance would make you an Australian resident once you leave. Or if you no longer wish to be an Australian resident and would like to start overseas with a clean slate, we can help you with that, too.